In California, if a law enforcement officer detains you and asks you to identify yourself, you are legally obligated to answer them truthfully. As tempting as it may be, if you falsely identify yourself to evade the police investigation, you're committing a crime. California Penal Code 148.9 PC makes it a...
Exceeding the speed limit on any California highway, generally 65mph, can get you a traffic ticket and points on your driving record. But if your speed exceeds 100mph, the offense jumps into another category. California has a specific law, Vehicle Code 22348(b) VC, that imposes stiffer penalties if caught...
On January 1, 2020, California criminal defendants could apply for mental health diversion under Penal Code 1001.36 PC, a pretrial diversion. This form of pre-plea diversion does not require a defendant to enter a guilty or no-contest plea before being placed on diversion. It could offer immigration or...
There is understandably a bit of confusion among California drivers as to whether or when they can be charged with Vehicle Code 23152 VC driving under the influence. On the one hand, most people familiar with DUI understand that California recognizes a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08...
The question about the legality of escorts in California can be a bit confusing, especially considering that many people equate escort services with prostitution. The truth is, there is a difference between an escort and a prostitute, but there is also a fine line between the two that, when crossed...
California law is stringent against dogfighting—to the extent that any activity connected with dog fighting, including being a spectator, is a crime in the state. The laws against dogfighting are embodied in California Penal Code 597.5 PC. If you are convicted of a crime under this law, you could face up...
In Vega v. Tekoh, the United States Supreme Court took under consideration whether a police officer’s failure to provide required Miranda warnings rose to a damages action under 42 U.S.C. §1983, which says a federal cause of action for “the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured...
The Constitution protects the right of its citizens to assemble peacefully for protest. But when an assembly is deemed unlawful, most notably, when violence or the threat of violence occurs, police have the authority to disperse the crowd. If you are told by law enforcement to leave the scene of...
The State of California has stringent rules about alcohol on the grounds of its correctional facilities. it's a felony offense to bring any alcoholic beverage into a California penal institution. In fact, according to California Business & Professions Code 25603 BPC, it is a felony offense...
In 1994, California passed the “Three-Strikes” law through voter referendum, imposing a mandatory sentence of 25 years to life on defendants who have been convicted of three “violent” or “serious” felony offenses, which is codified in Penal Code 667.5 PC. In other words, certain felony crimes are...
The testimony of a police officer is highly significant when it comes to prosecuting criminal charges; for that reason, they are held to a high standard of accountability when filing reports regarding criminal activity. In fact, Penal Code 118.1 PC makes it a crime for a peace officer to knowingly...
In the state of California, murder is defined under Penal Code 187 PC as killing another human being "with malice aforethought." However, there are plenty of other circumstances that determine whether a defendant accused of murder will be charged with first-degree or second-degree murder...
According to California law, if you know someone has committed a felony and you willfully hide them or aid them in evading capture or being brought to justice, you could face prison for being an accessory after the fact. This law is embodied in Penal Code 32 PC, which makes it a crime to assist a known...
The state of California has one of the strongest sentencing enhancement laws in the country regarding using a firearm to carry out a crime. This law, embodied in Penal Code 12022.53 PC, is commonly referred to as the "10-20-Life" law or the "use a gun and you're done" rule. In short, if you're convicted...
If you are charged and convicted of two or more felonies related to fraud or embezzlement involving a minimum amount of money, the state of California allows for an automatic penalty enhancement that both imposes additional time in prison and the right to confiscate your assets to pay fines...
In California, it is illegal to participate in any street racing, drag racing, or speed contest on a public street, road, or highway, including acceleration contests, speed exhibitions, or any other form of street racing. In most cases, these types of crimes are prosecuted under Vehicle Code...
In California, prostitution is defined in Penal Code 647(b) PC as engaging in sexual conduct in exchange for money or other compensation. It is a crime both to commit prostitution and to solicit it. In other words, the crime applies both to the person who offers sexual services and the person who accepts...
Child pornography is illegal in California under Penal Code 311 PC, the state’s primary statute that is used to file charges against someone. It is a crime to transport, duplicate, distribute, print, advertise, or have child pornography. It is also illegal to engage in the act of hiring, or attempting to hire, minors...
The term “asset forfeiture” refers to the government’s right to take an individual’s property due to a reasonable suspicion that the property was acquired illegally or has been used to commit a crime. In forfeiture cases, the property owner has been convicted of a crime before having the property taken away...
California Penal Code 314 PC lays forth laws regarding the act of indecent exposure, which is when a person purposely exposes themselves in front of another individual that may be offended by it under normal circumstances. PC 314 defines indecent exposure as “anyone who willfully and lewdly...
California Penal Code 243.4 PC defines sexual battery, also referred to as sexual assault. The two terms can be used interchangeably. The following constitutes an act of sexual assault, such as touching someone on an intimate part of their body, doing so against the person’s will, and with the intent to...
If you are accused of a felony offense in California, you may be released on bail pending your trial—or in some cases, you might be released on your own recognizance, called an “OR release.” In this way, being released from custody is a matter of trust: the state chooses to trust you to show up for...
If someone is convicted of a criminal offense in California, state law says what the maximum possible punishment could be. Judges decide what an individual’s minimum sentence is appropriate based on the facts and circumstances of a case and the criminal history of the individual convicted...
In the State of California, if you're convicted and sent to prison for one or more sex crimes involving someone under age 14, the law requires the courts to obtain a mental health evaluation on you before agreeing to release you on probation. This law is embodied in California Penal Code 288.1 PC...
While many existing laws make it a crime to cause harm to someone else, the state of California specifically makes it a crime to do so based on a person's race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, religion, or other characteristics. These are referred to as "hate crimes" under California law. The hate...
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